• Closed captioning (CC) – displays the audio elements of a television program, eg dialogue, key sounds, soundtrack music, etc, as text on screen (in English), and is produced primarily to make content accessible to d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences. • Subtitling – is the translation of dialogue from one language into another (e.g. Korean -> English; English -> Arabic), with the aim of keeping the original meaning and context intact while allowing viewers time to read the text. • Audio description (AD) – is a form of spoken narration used to provide information surrounding key visual elements in a program, primarily for the benefit of blind and visually impaired audiences.